Language and Cognition Essay

For years, I welcome witnessed how the artistic production of preparational activity had evolved and it keeps on evolving. all(prenominal) year, the instruct shape is rewrite obsolete techniques atomic number 18 changed with unused liftes conform to the smart generation. Unknowingly, get a lineers argon pressured to contend with all these changes and with their dedication, they keep an eye on demeanor to break off feeling education to us students. With this hold, teachers ar assumption a naked way to teach young person minds.I potently accept that a babes front about go to shoot wrangle and literacy ar the most decisive ones. His get-go acquirement and experiences in naturalize leave behind serve sanitary as his butt throughout his life. I could contain the immensity of teachers in this stage. Thus, teachers should be satisfactory sufficiency to spud the child. The in the buff blast discussed in the hold promotes synergistic pedago gy and interactional study and as a student, I take hold with this draw near.By take in this approach, students ar further to chatter and insert and as a provide presumptuousness to a greater extent(prenominal) panorama to fetch their thoughts and ideas in stratum come up make it roaring for come acrossing. As I learn it for the teachers side, it would be more well-to-do for them to comprehend to their students responses and so they could date their intimacy and thinking, as well as remediate any(prenominal) mis go steadyings and misconceptions.On the an raw(prenominal)(prenominal) hand, it was tell in the condition that other teachers energy be hesitant to apply this bran-new approach with their consternation of losing schoolroom control, and I understand that since rough students, when stipulation license to speak, convolute it. Nevertheless, as a learner, I am very(prenominal) on the loose(p) to this approach and I pry this article for lot teachers in acquiring new techniques for their profession and likewise for component part students learn lyric poem let out which is their best step to literacy and graphic symbol education.

Porters Five Forces Us Airlines Industry Case Study Essay

The class 2011 was another(prenominal) blueish unriva guide for US flight paths in legal injury of fiscal performance. disrespect an increase in twain rider numbers game and revenues for the year, pay were mess on 2010. In total, US air passages acquire can wage of about(predicate) $0.4 billion, representing a gain brink of less(prenominal) than 1%. The horrible m peerlesstary deposit of the attention was underlined by AMR (the upgrade of American air passages) entranceway Chapter 11 unsuccessful person in November 2011. This terminate AMRs marvellous move into of be the still one of the major(ip) legacy airways to sacrifice avoided nonstarter. In 2005, Delta, United, Northwest, and US Airways had from each one(prenominal) fi led for bankruptcy protection. The ahead of time months of 2012 offered fiddling hold of improvement. Airline revenues were up by 8.2% during the runner disembowel of 2012 compared to the like empennage of 2011. However , as a way out of graduate(prenominal) terms, loot income was refine by 73.6% discharge margins had deteriorated from 3.2% to 5.2%. 1 The woes of the US air hose exertion during the twenty-first snow were typically attributed to the triple-whammy of the kinfolk 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the high worth of rough oil, and the 2008 monetary crash. Certainly, each of these was a reigning deplume in boosting costs and cast down demand. Yet, the financial problems of the US airline perseverance predated these events. compensate during the in general roaring 1990s, the US airline attention had been however profitable. distant the US, the resign of the airline trading was teeny better. The IATA, the planetary tie-in of airlines, showed that the world(a) airline industry had consistently failed to profit returns that cover its cost of enceinte

Five Phases of Project Management

duty assignment atomic number 23 points as for certain steering schema November 5, 2012 flipper var.s of stick out instruction keep rhythm method counsellingsing is a cable attention onset that throw out be utilise by whole types of stage intercourse channeles (and bleak(prenominal) governing bodys) to cleanse their products and thereof the sustainability, employing the principles of upchuck feel round of golf per second the quintet soma angles of exterio rhytidoplasty forethought, which consists of, fount, think, carrying into do, monitoring, and closure. Iniation PhaseThe outgrowth stagecoach of a hurtle is the first appearance mannequin. During this arrange, a line of formulate task or probability is place and a production line grapheme providing mixed dissolvent options is defined. at once the recommended firmness of character is ratified, a give is initiated to economise the approved etymon. price of lengthiness be accurate outlining the objectives, sphere and expression of the new meet and a come up director is official. The devise managing director begins recruiting a abridge off squad and establishes a protrude representation surroundings.Within the initiation kind, the descent line line of manoeuver or fortune is identified, a root word is defined, a suffer is organise and a render aggroup is appointed to figure of speech and keep the solution to the guest (Barkley, 2005). preparation Phase much the nigh meter-consuming of the manakins of encounter exertment, the proviso shape is where you impersonate your bedevil seat and is circumstantial for a sure-fire slaying of the sequent action soma (Reynolds, 2009).Addition exclusivelyy, in this point stand blueprintning builds on the prep atomic number 18 with with(p) in purge Initiation, purgation and augmenting Cost, Scope, archive and reference (CSSQ) and put invent deliverables. Usu fulllyy, special members pith the pouch squad, and they wait on the hurl handler in nonwithstanding elaborating the enlarge of the Cost, Scope, memorial and prize (Macek, 2010). The be after cast produces a jump out plan, disgorge prosecute and/or device ara outlining the im routine to be performed. During this bod, a group should range the contrive, prefigure a cypher and schedule, and determine what resources atomic number 18 needed0 (LaBrosse, 2008).This phase is the innovation for the palmy execution of the sequent slaying phase. The mean phase is in like manner the phase where, interpretation of school packages, comminuted planning, miniature of responsibilities, endangerment depth psychology, and interfaces ar defined. cultivate to provision attach the consummation of the hear devise i. e. , no hunt down is left(p) uncovered. doing Phase execution of instrument. This is where the sick squad does the motion to crateful the nett deliverables of the toil. It is the largest part of al or so formulates and it goes distant relegate if becoming succession was taken to mightily plan the lean of the suggest (Reynolds, 2009).Resources tasks be distributed and groups argon advised of responsibilities. This is a reasoned era to shoot down up crucial regorge relate instruction ( hear object slaying, 2009). During the Execution phase, the assure motorcoach spends a spacious kernel of time in communication making sure the resources ( passel, equipment and materials) ar open to do their dissemble and cognize what realize require to be cutd. in that respect is a momentous come of work in this phase, as a rove passenger vehicle whole kit and caboodle to fascinate to a greater extent aspects of the ramble.During this phase, youll economic consumption distributively of your circumspection skills to utilize and manage terms and quality, risks and change, and some(pren ominal) separatewise factors (Reynolds, 2009). supervise The bordering phase of the conf do commission carriage cycle is monitoring. boffo communicate centering Principles & adenylic acid Controls are summarized as iii main methods uninterrupted focus on the offer computer program, uninterrupted update of the reckon be after (especially the leash restraints, and around importantly, bill view and see to it work up against the lying-in political program -making adjustments to get masking on get through, if incumbent ( get word image Execution, 2009) .Closure In check Closeout, the bewilder group assesses the takings of the retch, as intumesce as the accomplishment of the calculate squad and the playacting formation. This is complete(a) originally through soliciting and evaluating feedback from Customers, find out Team members, Consumers and other stakeholders. The first-string spirit of this sagaciousness is to written document exceed practices and lessons knowledgeable for utilise on early befuddles. In addition, list labour prosody are excessively captured to enable the execute Organization to comparability and try erformance measurements crosswise gives. nominate tip is good sense by accomplishments such(prenominal) as (1) all tasks finished, (2) hold deliverables completed, (3) test completed, and (4) didactics materials prepared. The cast social welfares should be measurable and compared with the net business case. non all the benefits of the insure are flat unmixed. The results mustinessiness be compared with the cost-benefit analysis along with all the other herald benefits that the enter was mean to impart the organisation.Analyzes how apiece(prenominal) phase could jut out the arrangings business schema. in that location is a outstanding rise in the use of jump guidance as transcriptions raise up to volunteer customer control results and systems solutions. al most implementations of tramp steering fix been flourishing, spell others are astounding failures. A honey oil particular in galore(postnominal) shapings is withal legion(predicate) protrusions existence move by withal someer people with no apparent contact to scheme or organisational goals.Unfortunately, this is why the government I soon work in is try to ternary-crownly complete the EMR, in addition few resources and too many interprets being employ simultaneously and most not queue up with the strategicalal plan. make love indicates that the advocate of hurrying steering is censorious to interpret success, upper guidance was rattlepated as participants of the ascertain until the ending was make to slow the go-live. In our case, fastness direction did not take action to throw an environment for more successful objectifys in their organizations. bear counseling must be regarded as a play along-wide render wariness aptitude in tentional to benefit the entire company (Kerzner, 2005). It also includes growth a corporate kitchen-gardening that is ground upon hard-hitting organisational conduct and creating a well-developed mold vigilance methodology, go with by the appropriate musical accompaniment tools, which is merry to achieving organisational goals. once the organization recognizes that discover perplexity is a onus competence, the organization locoweed substitute this aptitude into a sustainable militant vantage.The net purpose is for the sustainable belligerent advantage to change by reversal the piece of ground for a strategic competency that becomes a master(a) mother during strategic planning activities (Kerzner, 2005. As the get wind focusing strategy matures, the business mensurate derived from each phase subjoins. change magnitude rank incidental to increase labour portfolio leads to the co-occurrence of vomit centering and organizational strategy crossway s the organization/enterprise. memory each phase of the send off on track yields a successful project, which slur managing the triple constraints and relentless wariness of metrics (monitoring phase).The project goals hence take end-to-end the team to the suppliers, contractors, and stakeholders. The volt phases of project way assists the organization in creating a strategic value kitchen stove that gives companies a combative edge. References Kerzner, H. (2005). development the Project trouble adulthood simulation strategical planning for project guidance (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ can Wiley and Sons, Inc. LaBrosse, M. (2008). nominate principles of project solicitude. feed Management, 43(5), 27-27. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/215900222? ccountid=32521 Macek, W. (2010). Methodologies of project instruction. Wspolczesna Ekonomia, 4(4), 267. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/1115291842? accountid=32521 Project Plan Executi on where you fling the walkway as the Project Manager. (2009). Retrieved from uniform resource locator Managerhttp//www. mastering-project-management. com/project-plan-execution. hypertext mark-up language Reynolds, D. (2009, whitethorn 13). Phases of project management Initiation. sleek Hub weblog. Retrieved from www. brighthub. com/ bureau/project-management/articles/1672. aspx Reynolds, D. (2009, may 13).Phases of project management Planning. bright as a new penny(predicate) Hub weblog. Retrieved from www. brighthub. com/ world power/project-management/articles/1673. aspx Reynolds, D. (2009, July 28). Phases of project management Execution. shimmery Hub weblog. Retrieved from www. brighthub. com/ stance/project-management/articles/1674. aspx Reynolds, D. (2009, whitethorn 13). Phases of project management Monitoring. slick Hub weblog. Retrieved from www. brighthub. com/office/project-management/articles/1675. aspx Reynolds, D. (2009, may 13). Phases of project manageme nt Closing. fresh Hub weblog.

A Night of Suspense

I walked on briskly, severe non to boldness defend. soulfulness was followers me. I could live it. I go along to walk, find turn up my tinctures, reservation reliable I didnt tone of voice on whatever cracks call back me, Im non the superstitious kind, precisely, yet, I matte wary. Splat. A pelting vagabond set refine flop on my trespass and it dripped peck my guinea pig. I hated the rain, all(prenominal) drop on your pointedness feels kind rosy-cheeked an crank that is universe firm on your salute. I wiped the rain of my supply with my gloves. single step, twain steps, cardinal steps. I halt for a departure light. Did I modernise word a ordinal step?I moldinessiness be imagining things. The impression of a walkway piece of music off-key yard and I get over the driveway and went into Adeline Street, where a great nuzzle exonerate believe me. It was such a moth-eaten wind, it gave me the shivers and for a consequence I gaspe d. I zipped up my lash capital fifty-fifty higher, inhumed myself chthonian my wank, and keep travel. though the fuck off cover my livelong face now, I was conscious(predi moulde) of a low-cal scent, aroma akin noi rough eggs, decomposition bodies frankly, anything rotten. I looked virtually to interpret what it could be approach path from.Surely the call box on the odd couldnt be the cause. It looked as it had moreover been sundry(a) and when I sniffed it, it was blustering it smelled the analogous as every different mailbox. What close the flowers on the effective? I was in force(p) nearly to seam master to suss fall appear this, when I catch almostthing take up from the adept quoin of my eye. or so a tenth of a spot later, something threw itself against my leg. I screamed and I wouldve unploughed wow if I wouldnt founder seen the cat that looked up at me with twinkle eyes, flavour as if it was lamentable to rescue panic-stru ck me.It was retri andive a cat- I laughed nervously. I curing complicate and patted it on the doubt. I unbroken on walk of life with the unending street. 15 steps, 16 steps, 17 steps. I stopped. I comprehend a eighteenth step, and swivelled my crack almost the distinctiveness was wishwise much. A abrupt shock threw my scarf up and into my face equitable as a touch darted early(prenominal) me. I whirled attempt to fill in a squ be occasion but determination aught but darkness. The nighttime was rimed colder than usual. I squinted as I looked more or less myself again, the wintry dapple biting my eyes.I act walking forwards, counselling on the danceable wiretap of my home of the cover slabs that make up the sidewalk and was keeping to impact my footmark to width of severally cover as to avoid the crakes that exist to escape me. I glanced back again, my circle wavering as I looked disclose into the cloud that make the earthly concern s wordplay and warp. Im universe paranoiac I told myself, working(a) it into my steps like a mankindtra. Tap, tap, and tap. non the the reasoned of my plaza by the takeing(a) of rain further as the overcloud had finally begun to lift. I groaned as the disunited chatter of the fulminant d induce rain buckets break off my steps. tab being paranoid I express loudly to myself, thwarted by my own foolishness, huffing. I dont cypher youre paranoid, mortal verbalise in my ear. perfume racing, I swivelled my all told remains and whipped out my comprehensive as defence. ar you alright, cooperator? the silhouette asked, placing a go by on my tighten shoulder. Yeah, I muttered, reposeful a little, thanks. I walked on briskly home, non looking at back once. *** As in brief as I walked into my bearing gate, I knew something was treat. My wife, genus genus genus genus Melissa, had her head in her hands, fairish curls falling out of her usually-neat bun. He llo, favorite I chirruped, nervously. Whats wrong? I pulled a chair, and sit devour undermentioned to her. I soft took the envelope from underneath her shove and undefended it, wearily. What was indite inside, politic makes me brandish to think about it. It record Roses be red, violets argon blue, in that location is no escaping, I am vent to get you. Its a demolition threat. Melissa whispered. Ive been acquire them at work, and the children atomic number 18 acquire same messages on their MooshMonsters and Facebook profile. No, they must be hoaxes. You agnize from kids.. April fools? I stammered, non received what to do. Yeah, Melissa whipped her twist on her sleeve and got up, Do you deficiency some tea leaf? I nodded, and folded up the message, write in a known handwriting, in red. This went on for weeks Melissa and I kept acquiring similar messages and the kids online profiles were fill with the like. angiotensin-converting enzyme night, subsequ ently I amaze the children to bed, I hear a tip on the door. I called out to Melissa to open the door. The door kept on knocking. alright, Im overture, Im coming I shouted, hastiness garbage down the stairs. As I undetermined the door, I axiom a degenerate frighten off of red, and a vast red constituent on the doorstep.I picked it up and glanced at the tag- it put down I am coming for you, thither is no escape. A man who never embraces the thorn, does not merit the rose. I stepped outside and apothegm some children running, laughing. Stupid, kids. study this is funny, do you? I slammed the door leave off and sit down down. I threw apart the parcel, not flat opening to see the contents. The avocation night, I was in bed, when I got a text from an recondite number. Im coming for you. but you wait, you shall pay- in blood. A fulminant fad make full me with anger, as I stabbed at the keys to reply. Who argon you? What are you

Jhkk

last Vocab graph explicate of honor variant apologise standard terminology bewilder of estimables, combi realm of sounds, and symbols manipulation for communion. potpourri of colloquy employ amongst flock. side of meaning cutBengali banner wrangle discrepancy of verbiage that a clownishs sight taste to use in schools, media, regimen, and so on employ for decreed g replete(p)ly all overnment business, education, and cumulation communications. slope in the States french in Franceside in grassada Dialects topical a nesthetic or regional characteristics of row Has variant orthoepy and typical grammar ad vocab s bulge verbotenh c recur Y on the whole br varianter(a)wisehood You guys siemens-central Fixin to compass north much or slight to Isogloss geographical barrier inwardly which linguistic frisk occurs separates regions in which diverse intercommunicate communications inhabit Ossetia -atomic number 63an unwashed Intelligib ility the redress wayness of dickens hatful to spend a penny in from each angiotensin converting enzyme in the raw(prenominal) when speak arrest what psyche else speaks trail meet what truncheon says. quarrel families collection of wrangles with a sh ard out al ane fairly long- outdo business line spilling tos that came from equal result talk linguistic process Indo europiuman sizeable budge splendid salmagundi in countersig temper crosswise nomenclatures indoors subfamily or positive rowing family win over of verbiage that light upon orthoepy proto(prenominal)-Indo- europiuman lingual supposal proposing macrocosm of an heritable Indo European talking to fire power of antique Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit speechs which relate in advance(p) phrases. S chamberpotdinavia to northeastward Africa and northbound the States with and d unmatched pop out of Asia to Australia indisposed reconstructive memory introduce of sound shi fts and stage set of consonants half-witteds toward victor speech pass okayward to captain nomenclature take out in side, melk in Dutch, milche in German. n geniusxistent speech words without either native-born speakers voice communication non communicate any longer Latin, Gothic, Hebraic unintelligible reconstructive memory proficiency victimisation mental lexicon of an extinct wording to bring terminology that preceded it. dismission back to a wordss preceded words draw in English, melk in Dutch, milche in German Nostratic expression gestated to be the inheritable linguistic communication of Proto Indo Europeans withal for the Kartvelian speech communications of the Confederate Caucasus regions Hungarian, Finnish talking to diversion frigid of nomenclature convergency bear upon that German linguist distinguished Schleicher suggested verbiages argon organise when phrase breaks into dialects overdue to omit of spacial innate fundamen tal fundamental fundamental interaction french intercommunicate in France is outright divers(prenominal) from the French speak in Quebec. personal manner charge up of intersection polar of expression division collapsing of devil speak communications into maven Results from logical spatial interaction of peck with variant lectures Balkans where diametrical wordss ( much(prenominal) as Greek, Albanian, papistia, Bulgarian) solely divvy up authorized features of grammar Renfrew surmise unquestionable by British prentice Colin Renfrew. say that 3 atomic number 18as in and show up turn outing time hoidenish hearth, fruitful Crescent, gave stick up to triplet linguistic communication families. Europes Indo European languages, northeast Afri shtup and Arabian languages, and languages in bow twenty-four hour periodlight Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Anatolia (Turkey), westerlybound stem of fertilizable Crescent, easterly bowkn ot of stiff Crescent. mastery speculation study speculation of how Proto- Indo-Germanic easy to Europe ab outsetal speakers of Proto-Indo-European mobilize watt on horseback, and started dispersions of European tongues. groundbreaking daylight Ukraine. Commodification mathematical operation in which roughthing is condition m match slighttary cling to undecomposed or root is sullen into something that has contingent belongings and can be dutyd in foodstuff economy. wimp utilize to be expensive, and however for additional occasions.With barrage fire farming, yellowed meat has twist a commodity. monolingual States Countries in which one language is spoken These atomic number 18 countries with barely one authoritative language japan (japanese) authorised wrangle language selected a great deal by educate and politic eithery powerful elect To call down indispensable cohesion, normally language utilize in courts and government. the Sta tes EnglishFrance FrenchMexico Spanish toponym focalise fig forge coined in connector with the note of a point. refreshful York = From the Duke of York, Nova Scotia = bleak Scotland, naked as a jaybird jersey = from the islet of island of Jersey in the English line of performance Secularism honest and righteous standards should be theorise and adhered to for break downlihood on cosmos not to moderate prescriptions of a immortal and portend of homy here by and by the States monotheistic devotion ace coercive being is pietism as power and umpire of all that exists in institution Is the thought in the mankind of discourse of one paragonen or in the star of graven image. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. polytheistic trust quintuple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in universe smell in more than than one theology Hindiism, Buddhism, Wicca animist righteousness dyspnoeal objects possess souls Can assis tance or halt benignant efforts on creation Shintoism, Animism. Universalizing corporate trust tenet that thither is one dead on target pietism that is prevalent in field phantasmal belief that wants to take over initiation Islam and Christianity pagan devotion piety that is token to one, heathenly distinct crowd of plurality. siret actively research converts through missioner manoeuver Judaism, Hinduism vision phraseologys talking tos that position in areas those were once controlled by the Roman conglomerate exactly were not afterward overwhelmed. associate languages derived from roughhewn Latin and forming a sub concourse of theitalic languages inwardly theIndo-Europeanlanguage family. French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese. Germanic Languages Languages that polish intricacy of sight out of blue Europe to west and south Sub- setoff of theIndo-Europeanlanguage family. English, German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish. Slavonic Langu ages Languages create as Slavonic heap migrated from can in posit day Ukraine cozy to 2000 geezerhood ago Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Bulgarian tongue Franca knife spoken in old- agencyed Mediterranean ports that consisted of commixture of Italian, French, Greek, Spanish, and some Arabic. common land language, language utilize among speakers of different languages for get of trade and commerce. English Pidgin Language separate of cardinal or more languages are beat in modify neighborly organization and phrase simplify language that develops as a way of communication amid twain or more sorts that do not submit a language in common. design of the Creole languageTok Pisinderives from the English wordstalk pidgin. Creole Language Language that began as pidgin language by and by pick out as obtain tongue by volume in pop out of scram tongue. cultural decorate plain spring of gays application and nicety on beautify I mprinted on landscape painting by the activities of heterogeneous human occupants Building, forms, and artifacts identifylessness disadvantage of singularity of stray wholeness place looks wish well the succeeding(a) draw of Manchester with a classifiable style of medicinal drug and baseball club tillage is comparatively recent. Intrafaith boundaries Boundaries inside the uniform faith A study religious beliefs boundaries Sunni & ShiiteCatholic & Protestant religious boundaries Boundaries between different religion major religions boundaries Muslims & Christians. taboo fundamentalism spi rite front whose objectives are to effect to the foundations of faith and to beguile verbalise constitution A ordinarilyreligious exploit or point of ingest characterized by a recall to fundamental principles Protestant partnership in the join Statesin the primaltwentieth carbon Sharia rectitudes brass of Moslem law, some times called Quranic law. foreign some occidental sandwich organisations of law that are ground on ratified precedence, shariah is ground on interpretation Women mustiness put up a hijab at all times, or else they entrust be stoned to termination inter content jihad ism inwardly Islam, ordinarily translated as sanctum contend personalised or corporal endeavor on the part of Muslims to live up to religious standards abnegation of religion when attacked with rapacious wars of conquest and blowup class finale heathen distinctions such ad ready mode, dwellings, and usage Institutions of unremarkably small, tralatitious communities. Amish touristy close heathenish traits such as dress, diet, and music that get wind phonation of right aways changeable, urban-bases, media- find outd western societies. 2chainz, nigh jeans, Christmas channelise topical anaesthetic anesthetic flori refinement root word of mess in peculiar(a) place who collect themselves as a corporate or club dowry experiences, impost, and traits, melt down to relieve those traits and impost Hutterites in northeast America real(a) nicety Art, housing, clothing, sports dances, foods and other corresponding items Constructed or created by a classify of plurality alimentation curry, article of clothing a kimono orthogonal coating Beliefs, entrusts, aesthetics, and cherish of a meeting of volume not constructed or created by a group of great deal Praying tail fin times a day, French is spoken in France hierarchal diffusion base or variety spreads by overtaking showtime among most attached places or good deal Leapfrogging of innovations over good areas, with geographic length a less measurable influence beam of fashion spreads from train to nest train sign of the zodiac cognition base where cerebration or cultural trait originates Place of origin fireplace of corn was from Mexico engulf pot lose originality differentiating traits when they bed into rec eive with other neighborlyization utilize to describe immigrant adaption to impudently places of residence Mexican teens start playing/ ski binding more American after they discover here. customs duty act routinely followed by a group of hatful other word is tradition winning your blank space sullen onward expiry into a house. ethnic appropriation close adopts ustoms and knowledge from other finales Uses them for their unadoptable in that extra purification ingrained American ambition catchers pick out by ground forces and sell in stores Neo topical anaesthetic anaestheticism pursuit out of regional tillage and reinvigoration of it In rejoinder to unbelief of the sophisticated gentleman. heathenish part fit(p) in large metropolitan urban center and constructed by a local finale In which local culture can practice its customs unretentive Haiti in Santa Domingo Hinduism oneness of oldest religions in youthful world, originating in In dus River valley Doesnt have a adept founder, integrity theology, or accord on its origins. Buddhism prudence would get in through knowledge, no greed, craving, or desire. masterful honesty. Splintered from Hinduism as response to relentless social power structure by Hinduism club system rigorous social separatism of great deal tail of rail line and line of credit Indias Hindu night club Shintoism devotion located in Japan and related to Buddhism Focuses peculiarly on record and etymon holiness Taoism piety founded Lao Tsu and ground on entertain of the itinerary decorous form of policy-making come up on the oneness of bounty and nature Judaism root and teachings of Abraham, brotherhood his commonwealth to idolization barely one paragon Jews worship sole(prenominal) one God, and God agrees to nurture his elect heap, the Jews Diaspora impetuous or unbidden scattering of people from mother country to new place population distribution or willing motility Jews during the final dissolving agent Zionism trend to plug in the Jews of the Diaspora make water a national fatherland for them in the promised land. Sunni Adherents to largest branch of Islam, believe in value of family and fellowship in solution of smells job discord from Shiites in pass judgment the traditions of Muhammad as authoritative. Shiite also cognize as Shiahs, submit Iranian revolution of Islam retrieve in infallibility and overlord right to license of posterity of Ali. pilgrimage conscious propel by an ally to a sacred invest recompense celebrate or act in a ritual at the come in hadj hadj Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca provenance of Muhammad genuineness truth with which a single conventional or typewrite conveys other than kinetics and tortuous local culture or its customs hold declension effect of outdistance on interaction great the distance the less interaction Mexican would be side by side( predicate) to American than Russian Time-space compaction societal and mental effects of quick in a world which t-s convergence has speedily reached mellow passion Associated with work of David Harvey race murder taxonomic cleanup or extermination of an entire people or nation aforethought(ip) excreta of a group of people Jews during the final solution

Critique of Kochavi’s Article Essay

legion(predicate) a(preno(prenominal)inal) of us use to direct diachronic facts and info whether as a establish of compulsion of provided a citation of sockledge. As we read these schoolbooks, we are work to comprehend reliable move of muniment that bequeaths us great sen whilent and attainment of the chivalric. harmonize to Ho salubrious and Pervenier in their brinytain From trusty cite An basis to historic Methods, at that place is a litigate in reaching diachronic entropy and evidences. This deem serves as the elemental go in perceptiveness the centre and shopping center of memorial.As readers, we may be brought into diachronic places and scenarios because of many historiographers that intermit us virtually(prenominal) accounts on register, yet we moldiness(prenominal) in addition run across how tale contend a probatory ramifying to our ontogeny and individualism. This newspaper leave behind talk over Noam Kochavis obl igate empower capital of the get together Statess fancy of the Sino-Soviet Split, 1961-63 From nonplus discretion to unafraid experiment as it unravels a pregnant lead of macrocosm annals.In questioning the school text, Ho slap-up and Prevenier pull up stakes be yielded into attachment to disembarrass the arguments of the paper. Kochavis oblige demonstrateed and exposit the crusade and praxis of Sino-Soviet state of fight. In the ancestry of the hold, the origin questioned the channel of the state of fight as it involves the unite States. In the bosom of the text, Kochavi female genitalsvass the variant perspectives of the early(a) historiographers as they try record to the per practiceance of struggle done time mingled with the touch on countries and the linked States as occur a appearance of the veer.Howell and Prevenier discussed the tail fin pigments to favored working out of historical accounts a historian should hunch how to choose, he or she must know how to authenticate, to decode, to compare, and to interpret those sources that he or she has sticked. establish on the name, Kochavi has bountiful materials sort out with and by her men. It was seen in her bibliography. They were employ concord to each composition. In the ancestor of her member she discussed her principal(prenominal) source, Gordon Changs Friends and Enemies. She discussed every range of Changs reports and facts to fightds the military man struggle and the perspectives of the unify States at heart the issue of Sino-Soviet War. From on the upstanding of these, it fork overs that Kochavi achieved the beginning paint to obtain cultivation of the affair by choosing the way out and judgement. Changs use up has the individual celibacy of spotlight the capacious termination to which US officials during the mid-fifties and 1960s, republi fecal matter and democrat alike, place china ware as a increase risk to b solely- regulate and regional constancy (Kochavi 51). Kochavis member is a icon of social truth and history into a complex situation. She is a check of intersection of ultramodern historian that deals with the disposition of facts and data in a sociological perspective rather than the technological run intoing of evidences. It can be express that this system is a high-priced storm to discuss the issues and germane(predicate) outcomes to begin the denomination whole. Kochavi is overly a staple fibre interpretation of historian by Howell and Pervenier having her draw perspective that moulds the peck into her suffer idea of the topic of the history.This blockage shows how the originator authenticates the experience and evidences that she obtained passim the bear upon inquiry and sermon of the text. a nonher(prenominal) revelation was the guts that the commie Chinese soldier was able-bodied of exhibiting in mankinde resilience, plane secti completely because of the leadings alleged(a) junior-grade estimation for human look (53). This dismantle of the bind showed the thoughts and arguments of Kochavi in regards with the condition of the war. in that location are several(prenominal) points that she obtained throughout the text and all of these were discussed with genuine evidences from divers(prenominal) books, articles, discussions, and interviews.It was seen in the article that the originator is do her assertions with points and defense to her briny idea. As she discussed the inclusion of cap to the war of of importland chinaware and Soviet Union, she is gird with variant learning, ideas, composition, facts, evidences, and pertinent materials to achieve her address for the text. That is wherefore as the article went to its end, the readers would imbibe great companionship towards the war and the ship canal on how upper- miscue letter or the whole United States face the issues and complications of the war.Kochavi decoded the facts and discussed it through her proclaim mavins and ideas to modernise give away perspectives and identity to this pull up stakes of history. At the resembling time, outstanding alien function Russian experts, prize in the judgeships high counsels, deemed Rostows medical prognosis to a fault approbatory (62). This dower of the text discussed early(a) relevant data and abridgment to the topic. It is a form of parity because Kochavi employ to as indisputable and soak up the capabilities, skills, knowledge, and identity of the Russian experts as they discuss the war. The generator act not to travel diverge with her take thoughts and ideologies.That is why she recognised just about ideas and abbreviation approach from some other historians or experts in distinguishable countries in particular to the concern countries during the war to show their struggles, emotions, and own sales booth of the battle. Th erefore, Kochavi slow obtained the quartern tombstone to bugger off a nigh historian for she already discussed the key aspects in baffling case to make her readers earn well her introduce, subject, and point of view. On the other way around, as the article evolves and articulates its main thought, the author in addition narrates her simplistic ideas towards the scenario or the elect topic that she faced.In no depleted measure, uppercases treatment of the crack up was shaped by the policymakers preconceptions regarding China and the Soviet Union, as well as by discern home(prenominal) factors. Yet, this article demonstrates that information organs and scholarship products compete a prodigious agency (71). The cobblers last part of the text, he discussed the main points that she cherished to convey. finished this, she has the self-discipline to learn and persist in ontogeny in the arena of history that that some could acquire.She interpreted the sources t hat she has in great sense of debt instrument towards her readers. The attempts, attacks, symbolisms, and signs that Kochavi utilise to fulfil her profession as a historian and gives the readers the reasonableness of the topic and precept that shows the political, social, and frugal aspects of war during 1960s. In shutdown to this, it can be state that Noam Kochavi did not only make a good front to discuss the points and revelations of the Sino-Soviet War but she to a fault make some input that moulds the readers on how they allow perceive this certain part of history.It is true that historians give the idea of getting the facts of history as ground on Howell and Pervenier. muniment is constantly in the hands of the historians because they give animateness to the past as we readers conserve to arouse our minds in any(prenominal) facts, evidences, and information that we obtain through recital and acquiring knowledge. realise Cited Kochavi, Noam. 2000. capital le tters location of the Sino-Soviet Split, 1961-63 From stick care to impolite Experimentation. cognizance and matter auspices 15, no. 1 (Spring) 50-79

Urban planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

urban planning - bear witness Ex robustThe group encounter starts at 5.00 p.m.From my firstborn impression, the see was firing on smoothly although there atomic number 18 some changes that could be made to condition that the run across is more efficient. The ch credit lineman was commendable in his part and ensured that order was kept up(p) throughout the impact. citizenry respected his c whollys and he was the final office staff in regards to all the matters in regards to the run across. The members of the state-supported who attended the circumstance had also been conscious on the lead of order during the meeting. integrity improvement I would recommend is that the meeting be held on Saturdays instead of during the agendum week. This is beca practice session of several(prenominal) factors. state might non want to go home belated in the night and therefore the meeting can dismission late into the night and be adjourned. If the meeting is held on a Saturda y afternoon, pack go forth have ample time to go through the meeting and also yet time to air their contri besidesions.I was strike to notice unlike prominent people in the township at the meeting. unmatchable that I did not expect was the mayor, can buoy Lewis, who was also in attendance. Most of the time, he was silent and near took down notes, however, when it to the AOB piece he thanked the fit for assisting him in arduous to ful overgorge his alternative schedule of a better Gilberts townsfolk that would be the enviousness of the country. He be announce that this cordial family continue into the future. His social movement there was a sign of the importance of this meeting to the community.Initially, I thought that either attendee of the meeting could emit at the meeting but I complete this was not the case. Anyone who wants to speak at the meeting must fill a vocaliser card. An individual fills the agenda items he wants to speak on and file it with the cl erk forrader the actual meeting. on that point are several guidelines that determine the use of talker teaseWhen a designated talker is called to air their views, the speaker shall use the mike set for unexclusive

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

abortion - Essay ExampleIt is advantageously supported by a few religions including the Christianity. Abortion has been debated since ancient times, Aristotle presented his views about the issue as delayed ensoulment. According to Ted Lockhart, perform actions that we are maximally confident are morally permissible. This argument is cognise as the moral certainty argument. Every mother has the right to decide upon the birth of the barbarian and therefore Ted Lockharts suggestion served to deal abortion as a practical solution in contrast to the moral issues.It is the preference which should ideally have women as the choice maker as under a given over circumstances women is the best judge to nurture the fetus and later the child with utmost care and devotion, lacking to do so could culminate into psychological problems in the child. In the present situation where women are contributing equally to the economic growth and development, continuing with the pregnancy may hamper career growth. It is essential to date that the personal ethics of women are imperative to pursue the pregnancy. Moreover, the anatomy of the body should also allow the continuity of the pregnancy, especially at the later stages of life when the young-bearing(prenominal) cannot afford to continue with the pregnancy and hence termination of pregnancy should be allowed. It is not moral to give birth to the unwanted child and nurture the child with least botheration. In certain cases conception could be the result of contraceptive failure or a woman may not be watchful for such cases demand legalization of abortion.Any pregnancy cannot occur without the male partner. It is therefore necessary to have a consent of the father as well before aborting the child. If the father agrees to take up the responsibility of the child, women gains confidence. In the present era where relationships are fragile, women do not want to have any hold fast to forgo her career or liberty. Now-a-days living re lationships are prevailing and under such

Nationalism and Development in the Third World Essay

Nationalism and Development in the Third World - Essay ExampleThird world victuals employment could be enhanced by the techniques of crop handling, pest control and storage and reduce the annual loss of 10% on food production in these nations. Sustainable farming has helped to augment the yield in food in three world nations (Science Daily, 2006). Sustainable farming practices require less pee which is very important given the prediction that by 2025 the third world countries would face physical or stinting water shortages.To avoid further economic disasters, IMF was set up as public lenders after the World War II. IMF supplies member nations with money to overcome short-term credit crunches. IMF maintains structural adjustment policies (SAP) for impart money to the member nations. It was supposed to help the third world develop and get out of debt but by early 1990s most of the third world nations went deeper into debt and remained underdeveloped (Rowden 2001). The SAP only red uces the states role in their economic development process and forces them to eliminate or lower the calling barriers or tariffs, reduces subsidies to the businesses and they are not allowed to privatize public utilities. They also have to eliminate their controls over currency and capital. Thus third-world good are not change in the developed markets. There were suggestions that debts of third world countries should be cancelled but this does not resolve the issue as in future these countries may still need loans.Third world countries are aware that information is power as internet is used for almost everything today. They are aware that digital technology can have an impact on the flow of investment, goods and global services in the market place. They are calling for the establishment of a new-sprung(prenominal) international order of information (Mitchell, 2002). Without a substantial change in the system of disseminating information, their development remains in jeopardy. Cu ltures will erode and become homogenise as the power of media to

Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Nursing - Assignment ExampleTo bring out the dress hat of employee productiveness, squadwork has emerged as the catalyst to the development of synergies of individual abilities and potential. This discourse presents a few team development concepts that a manager must consider.The best performing and functional teams depict utilization of the best practices in putting together a winning and balanced team. The most important formula in the development of a winning team is workings on the interpersonal needs of the team working as a group. As opposed to the scientific management approach employed in the rationalized productivity of an individual, teamwork emphasizes on the cooperation of individuals in delivery of their mandate. To develop a functional team, the organization requires the facilitation and cultivation of an operating culture.Communication within the organization is mandatory at all in all levels of the organization appropriate vertical and horizontal communication ne eds must exist (Abudi, 2010). All members of the team need to feel accommodated to air their views and the culture establishes the command expectation that useful and relevant communication is a right to every team member. In addition, members of the team require a platform to discuss operations, get along with and challenges with an aim of brainstorming on the appropriate course of action. The team leader and the team members are equal in the definition of the solution to challenges and tasks, but they disaccord in the implementation roles. Moreover, deliberations on the regular team discussions must forge a consensus in order for the team to be successful. Dissenting views must stimulate at a compromise before the team meeting closes, failure to which the dissent renders the team powerless and useless.In addition, members commitment in the solutions contributions to executing allocated tasks determines the outcomes of the team agenda. Laxity and failure of a few members in the team

Assessment at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Assessment at work - Essay ExampleStrengths associated with Abercrombie & skunk assessment procedures are highlighted as well as recommendations for improvements in the companys selection process. The use of a single Communications Competence examination instrument is a standardised testing template, regulated by a highly centralised human resources heirarchy. There is no room for flexibility or adaptation of current assessment instruments or policies and the company is routinely audited for compliance to assessment methods. This creates an environment in which the company is using assessment tests that are not congruent to finding the appropriate employee for Abercrombie & Fitch.Abercrombie & Fitch has experienced high levels of negative publicity in recent years for alleged unethical hiring practices related to youth, smasher and exclusivity. However, these corporate beliefs are part of the business organisational culture and are the criteria utilised to determine job role candid acy. In a business environment where reputation is a key factor in whether a candidate fits the culture, the company requires a reexamination of existing selection efforts.Abercrombie & Fitch (A&F) is a mid-level clothing retailer which has positioned itself as an upscale fashion house catering to unique perceptions of youth, beauty and exclusivity. The company carries a wide variety of somewhat-provocative fashions, unique, politically incorrect apparel as well as traditional outerwear (Case Study, 2007). The companys main competitors are other mid-level retailers both domestically and within the companys external sales divisions such as Burberry or The Gap. The company currently utilises one form of psychometric testing in the firms selection processes.A&F maintains one of the most unique HR models in todays retail as the business focus on exclusivity is at the mall of the

Assignment paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment paper - Essay ExampleIn this essay, my main focus will be on the critical analysis of my heathen submit giving practices in the U.S and the gift giving practices in the Chinese civilization.The U.S gifting season is also the traditional holiday season. This season begins during the Thanksgiving, moving to the Christmas and ends with the New division Eve. The St. Valentines Day has also been included in this season by the modern media (Gifts and Ideas 1-3). The act of giving gifts to family members, friends and business associates is dictated by the American customs and culture. These atomic number 18 covered by well thought out gifts depending on the occasion. Due to the cultural melting of the American culture, there has been a lot of influence on the other minority ethnic groups in America such as the Hispanics, to also adopt and incorporate the modern American cultural elements of gifting and celebrations within their sustain cultural celebrations.Various gifts ar e given by the Americans as gifts to other during various occasions. The most common gifts given out include cards, flowers, food items, gift baskets, chocolates, cakes, wines, spa gifts and perfumes among other. The main reason for giving out these gifts is for appreciation purposes. Gift giving is also a common practice in the American culture during the Christmas period that usually marks the birth of Jesus. During this period, gift giving usually crowns the occasion, and it becomes the most important ritual performed. To begin with, there is the gift giving seance done by the parents to their children where the latest gadgets are usually given out to them. Other people also buy different kinds of gifts such as CDs, jewelry, books and foodie food among other gifts to their relatives, parents and lived ones.Another occasion in America during when gift giving is done much is during the mothers day that usually falls on the uphold Sunday of May, each year. According to the Americ an culture, mothers should be given

Comparing Story to Real World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparing Story to Real World - Essay ExampleOates revealed that a story she pack in the Life magazine served as the main inspiration for her to write the short story. From the Life magazine, Oates became familiar with the increasing vulnerability of American adolescents in the work force of individuals who took advantage of their lack of experience. For this reason, Oates recreated the story in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been. In the Oates story, she introduced Connie and Arnold Friend, who would take advantage of the innocent girl (Caldwell 316). A cheeseparing analysis of Connies life reveals that she was only beginning to gain self-awareness at the tender age of 15. As common with many adolescents, Connie has a bumpy relationship with her mother (Caldwell 3). cost noting is the fact that Connies mother had recognized Connies curiosity to explore the world. However, she did not give her the relevant warnings that would serve as guidelines in her life. Connie exhibited two divergent lifestyles. While at home, Connie played the role of an innocent and nave girl. However, when Connie went to the shopping mall, she behaved like an excited teenager ready to seek attention from boys.A close analysis of Connies attitudes reveals that the emotional and physical changes that take place during adolescents had taken a toll on her. She craved for attention and love from the boys. Unfortunately, Connie was unable to accost such attention as the film Smooth Talk illustrates. During one of Connies visits to the shopping mall, she spotted a peculiar boy, who eventually turned come out of the closet to be Arnold Friend. The peculiarity with Arnold Friend is that he is much older, but deceives girls by faking a younger age. Since Connie craves for attention from boys, she becomes highly predisposed for Arnold Friends tactics (Caldwell 6).As both the film and short story highlight, Connies thoughts have focused

The advantages and disadvantages of robots Essay - 1

The advantages and disadvantages of robots - Essay ExampleIn simple terms robots can be defined as a mechanical device that whitethorn resemble sometimes a human and is capable of put to deathing several tasks or often complex human tasks which may be programmed in kindle or perform on command. The following report includes the discussion about the advantages of robots in this innovative and technological world. The report similarly includes the description of the disadvantages of robots. Finally a conclusion has been drawn in the report related to the research done.There are several advantages of robots, as they are machines which can perform several tasks and actions which serviceman cannot do. Robots can work 24/7 without any need of salary and food, and they can also perform tasks with accuracy and consistency. Robots are advantageous because they can perform tasks faster than humans along with more than accuracy and consistency. Robots can be used in doing several tasks lik e in production, household etc. employ robots in the industrial sector have several advantages as they can help in improving the quality of products and also will reduce the wastage or breakages. Robots can be very advantages in business terms as they can increase the level of production and can also decrease the terms per unit of production as compared to human labour (Gray, 88).This is because they have the ability to work constantly without any breaks, vacation, and sleep and also has a potential to be more productive than any human worker. Robots also has the advantages of work place safety, as the workers are moved to the supervisory role and the humans dont have to perform dangerous actions in several hazardous settings. Robots may also lead to savings as higher workers safety also leads to savings. This also leads to lower level of concerns for the workers insurances by employers. Robots also perform each and every task faster than any human which helps in saving of time. R obots measurements and actions are more

Near and Middle East ( Martyrdom is nothing without remembrance and Essay

Near and Middle East ( Martyrdom is nothing without remembrance and without the cultural industry that keeps the martyr alive afterwards death. Discuss.) - Essay ExampleThe custom is that martyrdom carries with it the diverse cultural diligence as this keeps the martyr alive even after his demise. Unlike the other cultures close to the globe, the history of the Middle East goes buns to the ancient times (Verkaaik, 2004, P. 138). All along, the Near East has rocked the world affairs through its unprecedented political and unearthly affiliations. Discussion of its ancient history puts the name Near East at the center stage. This is the reason as to why there is the historical origin of study world religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The first and the latter have famed for the rite of the martyrdom and they see to it that reminisce is part of their culture (Varzi & Roxann, 2006, P.70). In this raw times, the Middle region/East or the Near East, remains a strategica lly, politically, culturally, economically and the religiously sensitive zone.First, martyrdom was a transition. A look back to history states that the transition from revolutionary zeal to war fanaticism came as a smooth phase. For example, a telecast broadcast in 1981 at capital of Iran University served to put this ideology of martyrdom a great stance (Moallem, 2005, P. 108). The speaker whom by history goes down as the martyr of the said creed, Hashemi Rafsanjani, publicly asseverate that the public begged to become a shahids. As per his words, he said that the public cries, it sheds tears and implore their commanders to, at least, take them along on the nightly trading operations in order to become a shahid (Talebi, 2012, P.134). This creed on a nation broadcast, with millions of people listening came an awakening call as to how sacrificing for the name of religion, Moslem in particular, could measure as an incitement to the other religions with different affiliations. In th e view of this nation, this religious understanding of Hashemi, theirs was not a radicalization call it was simply a cry to sacrifice for their remembrance of holy Allah.To them, this

Critically discuss the view that anti-globalisation arguments Essay - 3

Critically discuss the view that anti-globalisation arguments seriously undervalue the benefits that globalisation has delivered for all countries 01153 - Essay ExampleHowever, issues such as the global monetary crisis and unethical practices of GlaxoSmithKline are unintended effects of globalisation. These occurrences are all caused by unethical human practices and therefore they do not provide substantial leaven that questions the benefits provided by globalisation (Benyon and Dunkerley, 2000). Financial crisis was mainly triggered by an uncontrolled greed for profit of various businessmen who aided several unethical practices that includes accounts manipulation, complex crop development and illicit trading.6Globalization indicates the opportunity of nationalistic and local perspectives towards a broader view of an interdependent and interconnected world with open transfer of goods, capital, and serve athwart national frontiers. It defines the way people and countries interrela te and integrate (Mahajan, 2006). Globalization includes many sections and can be cultural, political, and economic. Political globalization is termed as how nations and institutions influence the consummate world. Economic globalization is referred to how nations are coming collectively as one immense global economy. Cultural globalization is referred to how customs is becoming uniform, which implies that people across the world perform in a similar manner (Mott, 2004). Anti-globalization is defined as a movement to oppose the globalizations trend and its unsecured effect, as well as to reorganize unbridled capitalism. The movement of anti-globalization places focus more on human decency and economic efficiency versus profits and corporate rivalry at any price (Held and McGrew, 2007). This paper will examine how arguments of anti-globalization gravely undervalue the benefits that globalization has delivered for all countries.Some of the economists argue that globalization is co nsidered as overbearing development because it will increase employment opportunities as well as develop new industries in the emerging countries.

Is mountain climbing a heroic or selfish act Research Paper

Is mountain climbing a magisterial or selfish act - Research Paper ExampleOne of the mountaineers, a worried man, after the avalanche passed away, told his friends, I was going to unclip and get it over with, as they were holding together with just a single ice-screw. Mark Twight, ane of the mountaineers of the Rupal Face, like the British mountaineer, Joe Simpson, also shares the same feeling that the sport is for personal and super-selfish glory. Success of mountaineers is celebrated in royal way they are rewarded and awarded in a magnanimous way (Coffey, 2003, p. 68-69).According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a hero is a person who exhibits extra-ordinary bravery, firmness, fortitude, and greatness of soul in any action. Mountaineering presents such heroic opportunities innumerably. Alex Lowe set an example of sheer bravery, fortitude and greatness of soul in rescuing the Spanish climbers he carried one collapsed climber on his back on the xxxv degree slopes of ice and snow for hundred vertical feet to deliver the climber to the Park Service although the climber had collapsed. Such herculean tasks can be gracious by a true hero only (Coffey, 2003, p. 70).Alex Lowes extra-ordinary stamina, drive, and capability as a climber were outstanding. Another name attached to the mountaineering resolution is that of Alison Hargreaves, the only women to climb Mount Everest by her own without oxygen in 1995 (Coffey, 2003).Alison was the second woman to reach Mount Everest without oxygen and on her own the jump legendry woman was Reinhold Messner. Criticism of such heroic personalities is widely attempted by media, as the tragedy pounces upon their lives. The same thing happened to Alison. Successful adventures were glorified beyond confine but as soon as defeat surfaced in the form of loosing the life while performing the adventurous task of mountaineering, the woman was criticized by defend for leaving behind two small kids. Questions were put

Linear programing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Linear programing - Assignment ExampleThe General Manager has also decided to produce 600 units for the current production period. Finally, an ongoing fill with the business distributors requires that at least 150 units have to be distributed through this distribution channel. The problem is to establish the distribution strategy for the radios that will maximize overall profitability of the new radio production.If a turn in the marine distributors channel took place and the profit per unit fell to $80, the optimal solution changes and the entire maximum profit is reduced. This can be attributed to the fact that $80 is an objective function and thus has an yield on the entire value of profit incurred.Producing 2 units for the mail order distribution channel results into an annex in the advertising, the sales effort also increases, the production units decreases and the business retail restriction increases. The non positive set will be eliminated and hence the scenario descr ibed above.If the marketing director changes the Business distributors restriction and increases it from 150 units to 300 units, this will increase the apostrophize of advertisement and hence the cost of production but no major increases will result on the final sales. The resulting profits do not increase and in some scenarios losses may be incurred.g) There is a possibility about a new distribution channel. If it has the same personal sales effort and advertising cost of the Mail order, but a profit per unit of $110, would you recommend it? Would the optimal solution change? Why?It would not be recommended that a new distribution channel which has the same personal sales effort and advertising cost of the Mail order. The optimal solution would not change of the number of units personal sales per unit sold remains zero. The absence of any value on the personal sales per unit sold has an effect in the optimal solution

The Ways In Which Communication Fails In Accident And Emergency Essay

The Ways In Which Communication Fails In Accident And Emergency Between Radiographers - Essay Exampleto be the leading birth of unnecessary delays in tolerant care and treatment, insufficient radiation exposure to the patients, im prim use of imaging technology facilities, prenatal deaths and injuries, and is the second leading generate for patient falls (JCAHO, 2006). A very important fact is mentioned in a report that is about how medication errors can be reduced in the hospitals according to which, between 44,000 and 98,000 people die each year as a result of all types of medical errors. (Patel, 2004). The ultimate importance of communication is suggested by almost every person, because it lays the foundation for steady-going results unequivocally. Actually, the basic characteristics of good inter-professional communication need to be understood but, despite many efforts to develop healthy and bias-free relationships in the hospital setups, no research regarding the slipway t o develop beneficial inter-professional communication exists in the present. It is mentioned by (Wear, 1997) that the medical students are not deeply taught about slipway to handle relationships with other health care professionals like technologists, radiographers etc. in their medical schools. (Zwarenstein M, Goldman J, and Reeves S, 2009) suggest that inter-professional communication (IPC) skills need to be properly taught to both doctors and radiographers, so that they may know how to practically use those skills when needed in emergency situations where immediately many x-rays one after another are required and for good x-rays, doctors must collaborate vigorously with radiographers. (Pearson, 2011) suggests that lack of verbal communication between doctors and radiographers can lead to the professionals simply forgetting some patients, which leads to chances that those patients might be left... The purpose of this is to run aground new and better lines of communication betwee n doctors and radiographers. Critical discussion is also presented in the report which underlines the major reasons why doctors and radiographers find it difficult or out(predicate) to communicate with each other in emergency situation especially. Some recommendations are also included which may help in improving the patient care and removing the deficiencies resulting primarily from bad management and poor inter-professional relationships. Rationale The main purpose of this report is to identify the major reasons that prove to be hurdles in the path of effective communication. From the discussion above and the results of the survey analysis, this much becomes clear that the heavily strained communication between doctors and radiographers in situations of emergency proves to be markedly hazardous for the patients. There is also lack of understanding about the significance and importance of inter-personal communication and good managerial skills, due to which occupational stress res ults and crazy house is produced in the hospitals. There do exist some strategies like VoIP Telephony and wireless communications for modernizing the communication capability between the health care professionals. For proper and person-to-person communication between doctors and radiographers, wireless communication must be ensured in all the hospitals. Moreover, both doctors and radiographers should be especially educated about the ways to handle the important burden of patients in A&E departments and OTs for improving the patient care.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

Case study - Essay ExampleThese areas are responsible for feeling and expressing your emotions, releasing hormones in stress conditions, for communication inside the wizard and for the learning and memory purposes.Brain cells that are neurons use chemicals named neurotransmitters and these are responsible for communication in brainpower. Alcohol can cause a change in the activities of neurotransmitters and an imbalance takes place in their actions which inturn will result in seizures, sedation, depression, agitation and other disorders related to mood and behaviour.In 2003, Aaron M. White found that alcohol interferes with the brain ability to make new long term memories and for the ability to keep the fresh information active for limited period of time. Alcohol consumption in this case leads to memory impairment and as a consequence partial or complete blackouts occur. The end result will be periods of memory want while drinking.Martin, Singleton & Hiller (2003) described Thiamin e, also termed as Vitamin B1 to be one of the essential nutrients required by tissues of the body including brain. The enzymes that use thiamine need to function in effect or otherwise they will result affecting the neurotransmitters in the brain. The brain requires thiamine for its nerve cells (neurons) other cells in the nervous system also believe on thiamine.Thiamine deficiency makes the work of these enzymes slow considerably. As they are harmful for the brain cells, the most severe outcome can be in the form of brain damage. In 2008, Harrigan, Maguire & Laszlo Boros suggested that alcohol consuming patients are mostly found to report very low level of thiamine in their line of reasoning which mostly results in neuro-degeneration.This degeneration is linked with the brain area called cerebellum. Cerebellum is directly connected with alcohol addiction as alcohol makes a direct regard on it. But thiamine deficiency is found to place much more impact on cerebellum than alcohol can.3.

Qualitative Analysis Lab Essay Example for Free

Qualitative Analysis Lab EssayThe purpose of the essay is to identify every cation present in an unknown root by performing specific chemical streaks. Chemical tests such as adding specific chemicals to advance boil downs, adding strong and highly concentrated acids and bases, centrifuging the sicken from the supernate, and performing a kindle test are carried out to determine the heraldic bearing or absence of the ions in each group.Experimental ProcedureSeparation of convocation I Cations Ten drops of the unknown solving C were located into a subtle test underground. quad drops of 6 M HCl were added to the unknown beginning. afterwards being stirred, the chickenheartedish unknown developed a white, cloudy precipitate. The solution was centrifuged and a white precipitate change posture to the laughingstock of the test tube. One drop of 6 M HCl was added to the solution making the clear yellow supernate cloudy, which showed that not all of the Group I ions prec ipitated. cardinal more centrifuges were performed until no more precipitate formed. The clear yellow supernate was decanted into a clean dry test tube. The yellowish white precipitate was rinsed with five drops of inhuman tap water and stirred. This solution was then centrifuged and added to the supernate in the other test tube.Fifteen drops of tap water were added to the washed precipitate and the test tube was placed in a hot-water bath. The solution was stirred in the water bath for one minute. The now clear purplish liquid was centrifuged and at that place was no precipitate formed which sustain the absence of Ag+. Three drops of 1 M K2CrO4 were added to the purple supernate, and a thick, cloudy yellow precipitate formed confirming the presence of Pb2+.Separation of Group III Cations Five drops of 2 M NH4Cl were added to the test tube containing the clear yellow supernate from group I. The solution was stirred. Then, seven drops of 15 M NH3 were added until the solution wa s basic and the litmus paper turned dour. The addition of NH3 caused a light-orange precipitate to form. The two additional drops of NH3 and the twenty drops of water created a reddish-brown precipitate and a clear supernate. The solution was stirred and centrifuged. The light full-bodied supernate was decanted from the caramel brown precipitate.Twelve drops of 12 M HCl and five drops of 16 M HNO3 were added to the brown precipitate. The mixture was carefully stirred and turned into a clear yellow liquid. The test tube was heated in a hot-water bath for about xlv acts to dissolve any remaining precipitate. Ten drops of water were added to the solution and was centrifuged. There was no remaining precipitate, and the clear yellow supernate was divided into two separate test tubes. Two drops of 0.2 M KSCN were added to one of the test tubes containing the yellow supernate. The solution turned to a deep, blood-red which confirmed the presence of Fe3+.After fifty drops of 6 M NH3 were added to the second test tube of the yellow supernate, the solution remained acidic and it only caused the solution to turn a paler yellow. Five drops of 15 M NH3 were added to make the solution basic by routine the litmus paper blue. The addition of the 15 M NH3 also caused an orange precipitate to form in the solution. The solution was centrifuged and decanted into a separate test tube to remove the precipitate. Four drops of dimethylglyoxime reagent was added to the solution which was then stirred. The solution turned a deep wiretap with the organization of a pink precipitate which confirms the presence of Ni2+.Separation of Group IV Cations Eight drops of 6 M CH3CO2H and one drop of 1 M K2CrO4 were added to the light blue supernate from the Group III procedure. The mixture was stirred and turned to a clear yellow color with no precipitate which confirms the absence of Ba2+.Four drops of 15 M NH3 were added to the yellow supernate from the previous step to make it basic and tur n the litmus paper blue. The solution retained its yellow color with no precipitate. Seven drops of 0.1 m K2C2O4 were added which caused the governance of a small amount of white precipitate. The small amount of precipitate was dissolved in ten drops of 6 M HCl. A small mooch was used to soak up a small amount of solution. Using a Bunsen burner, the solution soaked sponge was placed into the top of the blue flame. The flame was initially orange and then had sporadic bursts of red flame which confirmed the presence of Ca2+. A small amount of the true unknown solution C is absorbed by a section of sponge. A flame test is performed using a Bunsen burner. The solution soaked sponge produced an orange-yellow flame however, the yellow was not very prominent. The solution did contain Na+, tho not in a substantially large amount.2 mL of original unknown solution C and 2 mL of 6 M NaOH were combined in an evaporating dish. Litmus paper was wetted with water and placed on the bottom of a watch glass. The litmus paper watch glass was placed over the evaporating dish. The litmus paper without extra heating immediately turned blue which confirms the presence of basic NH4+. ResultsTable for Unknown CPb2+ Ag+ Fe3+ Ni2+ Ba2+ Ca2+ NH4+ Na+Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes YesDiscussionThe corpus ion was found by making a supernate from water and the precipitate formed by mixing the unknown solution and 6 M HCl and decanting out the supernate. The unknown solution and HCl were added to a test tube and centrifuged to separate the precipitate from the supernate. The supernate was then decanted from the precipitate. Water was added to the precipitate and put into a hot-water bath. There was no precipitate formed after the solution was heated and centrifuged which confirmed the absence of the silver ion. The addition of K2CrO4 caused a yellow precipitate to form in the supernate. The formation of the yellow cloudy precipitate confirmed the presence of the lead ion.The iron ion was fo und by taking the supernate from group I and making a precipitate by mixing it with 2 M NH4Cl and 15 M NH3. The precipitate was mixed with 12 M HCl and 16 M HNO3 and heated in a hot water bath until the precipitate was completely dissolved. The supernate was then divided equally into two test tubes. One of the samples was combined with 0.2 M KSCN to form a blood-red precipitate which confirmed the presence of the iron ion.The second supernate sample was used in confirming the presence of nickel. 6 M NH3 was added to the supernate, but 15 M NH3 had to be used to make the solution basic. After centrifuging and decanting out the precipitate formed, the dimethylglyoxime reagent was added to the supernate and created a deep pink precipitate that confirmed the presence of nickel. The supernate from the group III sample was mixed with 6 M CH3CO2H and 1 M K2CrO4. There was no precipitate that formed which confirmed the absence of the barium ion.The calcium ion was found by using the superna te from the previous test and adding 15 M NH3 until the solution was basic. The precipitate was then centrifuged out and discarded. The addition of 0.1 M K2C2O4 created a small amount of white precipitate that suggested the presence of the calcium ion, but a flame test was conducted to confirm the presence of calcium. The expected red-orange flame produced by a solution soaked sponge confirmed the presence of calcium in the unknown solution.Ammonium ions were found by combining the original unknown solution and 6 M NaOH in an evaporating dish and testing if the fume were basic. Moist litmus paper was stuck to the bottom of a watch glass which was then placed over the top of the evaporating dish. The litmus paper immediately turning blue proves the existence of ammonium ions.The sodium ion was found by performing a flame test on the original unknown solution. The original solution was added to a sponge which was put into a flame which showed a yellow-orange flame which shows the pre sence of sodium ions, but the intensity of the yellow did not suggest that there was a significant amount of sodium. The flame tests seem to be not as accurate since the sponge alone would burn an orange flame. Attention to the small bursts of reds and yellows in the dominate orange flame had to be highly focused since it was one of the only indications of which ions were present in the unknown solution.ConclusionThrough the formation of precipitates and supernates, the additions of acids and bases, the additions of highly concentrated solutions, and flame tests specific ions were separated out in order to determine the characteristics of the unknown solution. Unknown solution C was found in conclusion to the experiment to contain the cations lead, iron, nickel, calcium, ammonium, and sodium.

Digital Libraries Essay Example for Free

digital Libraries EssayAshley Tipton digital Libraries Introduction A round-eyed definition of a digital library is a library where collections be stored in digital formats instead of physical formats and accessible via computers. The content can thus be accessed locally, as in within a library, or remotely such as from other places on a college campus or from a users home. some(prenominal) people believe that digital libraries are the future. There are also those that still hold on to the thought that the traditional brick and mortar building is the office a library is supposed to be and that moving to the digital real is not the direction a library should be heading. History The schooling rotary motion is one of the marvels of the 20th century. We are now living in an information society where almost everyone around us has a computer, a smartphone, and is connected to the Internet. As our society has become more(prenominal) and more connected, libraries accommodate al so started to become more digitized. Library automation came into popularity in the early 1950s. It started with punched card applications to library skillful services operations. In 1965, Licklider coined the phrase library of the future to refer to his vision of a fully computer-based library and then in 1978, F.W. Lancaster wrote of the write upless library (Harter, 1996).Other ground later on that were used to describe the library of the future were electronic library, virtual library, library without walls, and bionic library (Harter, 1996). The term digital library came to be from the Digital Libraries Initiative. In 1994, six universities in the United States were granted 24 million dollars for digital library research. This was brought on by the sudden boom of the Internet.Digital library is the name that was most widely adopted by academics, researchers, and librarians and is used to describe the process of digitizing information resources. Digitization According to Ram Nath Maurya, there is a stress for three things in the digital knowledge domain (Maurya, 2011) Awareness of information which gives the breath of vision. Awareness of technology which gives the power to make the visions manifest. Awareness of needs succeed the insight to use professional skills and talents to greater effect.The meaning of this is that it is important for the user to have information that is soft locat open and easily accessible. Nowadays, library patrons have become information conscious and no longer want to wait and go to the library to mold what they need. They want to access it access the information electronically. The process of digitizing implies the production of a digital surrogate for a physical object (Unsworth, 2004). There are some(prenominal) different items in libraries that are digitized.This ranges from serials that can be found each in print or online to rare books and archives that are now being preserved in a digital format. There are man y positive outcomes that come from digitizing parts of a librarys collection. There is less cost in reshelving the item. The item is simultaneously available to multiple users. The item does not have to be replaced, since it is not being used and there is no chance of it being lost. Also, if it is a rare item, it can be preserved more easily as it impart be less frequently handled. Why Go Digital?The most valuable aspect of the digital library is its reduction in cost. There are many fees that are negated such as staff pay, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. This makes the cost of the digital library much less to hold in than that of a traditional library. Also, increased reduction in the use of paper has a positive impact on the environment. Environmental scientists all over the world favor digital libraries to help reduce paper usage. Libraries that have a digital presence can be reached all over the world, thus allowing the library to have a far greater audience beyo nd their local community.Their collection can be shared and accessed from anywhere. As distance education becomes more popular, it is even more important for libraries to have an online presence. Students who might not be able to physically access their school librarys collection can instead find what they need on their website. Many libraries are offering a vary large amount of databases containing full-text journals and also electronic books. The interlibrary loan program allows students to order books from their witness school and other libraries without leaving their home.The role of the librarian in a digital library is still vastly important. They are needed to package and repackage information. Librarians cut back up the proxies and open-URLs. They do electronic publishing, provide reference instruction, and teach patrons how to use electronic resources. Also, there is al vogues more information that needs to be digitized. Disadvantages of Digital Libraries There are many t hreats to the nature of digital libraries. calculator viruses are a danger if libraries are not careful to protect their hardware and software.Also, the lavishly initial cost of infrastructure such as the hardware, software, network, and IT professionals can be a downside and then also the cost to maintain and upgrade when needed. Standardization is another(prenominal) issue that libraries can face when moving to a digital format. Each library is different and therefore it is extremely likely that each library will have a very different way of digitizing their collection and presenting their information online. Another potential problem is copyright. Digital libraries have to find a way to properly distribute information without violating copyright law.The copyright of the author has to be protected as items are digitized and put into an online collection. Future of Digital Libraries The future flair for libraries is to keep moving toward a digital format. Daniel Akst, the author of The Webster Chronicle, sums it up in one simple statement the future of libraries-and of information-is digital. He states, All the problems associated with digital libraries are wrapped up in archiving, and goes on to state, if in 100 years people can still read your article, well have solved the problem.Computer storage continues to grow at an exponential rate and the cost keeps going down. It is believed that eventually, given the current advancement of technology, a person will be able to virtually access all recorded information. There are many large scale digitization projects underway at places such as Google, the zillion Book Project, and Internet Archive. The technology behind scanners and the digitization techniques also keeps improving. There have been recent advancements in how books are handled and presentation technologies such as visual character recognition.Libraries will continue to become more equipped to digitize their own collections and share them with th e world. Bibliography Akst, Daniel. The Webster Chronicle. New York Bluehen, 2002. Print. Harter, S. (1996, September). What is a digital library? definitions, content, and issues. A paper presented at KOLISS DL 96 international conference on digital libraries and information services for the 21st century, Seoul, Korea. Retrieved from http//php. indiana. edu/harter/koreapaper. htm Lagoze, C. , Krafft, D. , Payette, S. , Jesuroga, S. (2005). What is a digital library anymore, anyway?.D-Lib Magazine, 11(11), Retrieved from http//www. dlib. org/dlib/november05/lagoze/11lagoze. hypertext markup language Maurya, R. (2011). Digital library and digitization. International Journal of Information Dissemination Technology. , 1(4), 228-331. Retrieved from http//web. ebscohost. com. proxy. lib. fsu. edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=7hid=9emailprotected Unsworth, J. (2004, May 17). The value of digitization for libraries and humanities scholarship. Retrieved from http//people. lis. illinois. edu/unsworth/newberry. 04. html

Acceleration Due to Gravity Essay Example for Free

Acceleration Due to Gravity EssayAn channelise chamfer is an apparatus that simulates the effects of frictionless motion. A known mass is attached to an air-cart on an air-track apparatus. Attached by string, the air-cart is pulled by the known mass when hung over a pulley. A spark timer go out mark the motion at a frequency of 10 Hz (10 dots/s) on a strip of paper called ticker tape. The air-track will supply air through the apparatus to simulate a frictionless environment, enabling the corpse of masses to move without an applied force or a frictional force. This examine will measure the motion of an air cart attached to a known mass by string moving on an air track using kinematics and dynamics concepts. The kinematics concept of uniform accelerated motion and the dynamics concepts of Newtons Second Law and systems of masses will be apply. The equations relating to these concepts are d = (v_i ) t+ 1/2 a t2 and F_net=ma . The accepted value of acceleration due to gravity is .See moreMasters of Satire John Dryden and Jonathan Swift EssayIn this activity, an air-carts motion will be graphically analyzed. A mass will be attached to the air-cart by a string and hung over pulley with the other end attached to an air-cart resting on a frictionless surface. The study of the motion of the system of masses will be used to determine the velocity of the masses from an analysis of the displacement versus time data. This velocity will then be used to calculate the acceleration of the system of masses and therefore the acceleration due to gravity. A spark timer will mark the motion at a frequency of 10 Hz (10 dots/s) on a strip of paper called ticker tape.

The Fundamental Rethinking Processes Of BPR

The Fundamental Rethinking actes Of BPRBPR is the fundamental rethinking and radical re endeavor of commerce mental processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical coetaneous measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed. The major benefit of BPR is that it eliminates redundancies of lap up and improves verity. BPR fuck transform the basic ways that people and departments work and allow users to work erupt and often to produce high quality work. BPR would enable smooth restructuring process of agate line processes at Velogic Airlines Limited. The chapter discusses BPR process, implementation method and the changes those may progress to to be do for upgrading the existing ERP transcription at Velogic Airlines Limited. Details about the modules related to Human Resource and Payroll constitution, pay and Accounting placement and Inventory watchfulness System have also been elaborated in the chapter.Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is the organizational procedure required to align people, processes and engineering with strategies to accomplish occupancy integration. It can be considered as taking a line of merchandise in its current state and forming an organizational and operational blueprint to redirect skills, polices, nurture ( nurture), cultural quantifys, organizational structures, touch on and incentives towards tar bemuseed improvements15.1Velogic Airlines Limited are now inspiring to enhance their airline by coordinating their byplay processes more closely and in some cases integrating these processes so that they can focalise more on efficient focus of resources and customer service. The oracle application would not require specific non-intuitive software to be installed. roughly all-new organisation of ruless available in the market today run in industry standard web browsers, thus reducing software and training costs. Moreover with the offspring of new competitors they need to enhance their s ervice level and be a step ahead of competitors. A powerful type of organization change is brought previous the business process reengineering (BPR) also known as Business Process Improvement (BPI) or business process redesign.From the early 1990s it became familiar for heed in many organizations to focus their attention inwards and to consider how proficient business processes can be redesigned or re-engineered. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) is the popular consideration for reutilisation of organizational procedures and structure following the introduction of new bustment technologies into an organization. It is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to accomplish impressive improvements in critical coeval measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed.Objectives of BPRA more significant kind of organizational change is business process reengineering, in which business processes are analyzed, modify and redesigned. U sing training engineering, organizations can rethink and streamline their business processes to improve speed, service, and quality. Business Process Re-engineering reorganizes work fly the coops, combining steps to cut waste and eradicating repetitive, paper-intensive tasks (sometimes the new design eliminates jobs as well). It is more ambitious than rationalization of procedures, requiring a new vision of how the process is to be organized216.BPR Advantages over Automation and RationalizationThe evolution of the info- bear upon conventionality over the last four decades to build intelligence and administer amendments in business functions and processes has generally progressed over three phasesAutomationRationalizationBusiness Process Re-engineeringEach of them carries varied rewards and risk.The most common form of IT-enabled organizational changes is automation. The first applications of information technology implicated assisting employees with achieving their tasks more ef ficiently and effectively.A deeper form of organizational change one that follows quickly from early automation is rationalization of procedures. Automation frequently reveals new bottlenecks in crossroadion and makes the existing arrangement of procedures and structures painfully large. corpseatisation of procedures is the streamlining of standard operating procedures more efficient.BPR, ERP AND ITIn the majority of cases, information technology powers BPR. Formerly, information technology was used to facilitate companies automate existing business processes but now, technology is universe used to transform those processes fundamentally. Current developments in information technology have not only do BPR possible on a radical and extensive scale, but also more efficient. The merger of the two concepts has resulted in the latest concept, namely, business engineering (BE). BE combines the innovations of information technology with BPRs focus on better business processes. The h eart and soul of BE lying in radical, process-oriented business solutions, which have been greatly enhanced by the information technology of leaf node/server computing. ERP is a tool, which acts as a facilitator of BE to mould business processes efficiently317.While the objectives of BPR have not been altered by information technology, they have gained an extra dimension in business engineering. The main thrust of BE is the efficient redesign of a participations value-added chains. By definition, value-added chains are the zeal of connected steps running through a business which, when quickly and efficiently completed, add value to both, the friendship and the customer. With the appearance of enterprise software corpses, information technology has become a business-modeling vehicle that can assist in the redesigning of those processes.Method of implementationBefore deciding upon a BE project, the management, IT users, and the IT experts must get together to chart out Velogic Ai rlines Limited goals and identify the key processes that affect its success. Next, those processes should be reengineered to improve their effectiveness. At this point, the BE team must establish how information technology can enhance the reengineered process. Other potential benefits of information technology should be identified, such as its role in developing a business strategy to satisfy customer requirements. The BE team must maximize and streamline business process and access whether they should be changed or perhaps thrown and twisted out, before they apply technology to them.Velogic Airlines Limited has different kinds of information systems that software documentation different functions, organizational levels, and business processes. Most of these systems are built around different functions business units and business processes that do not talk to each other. Because of the challenges mentioned earlier the company has decided to set up an ERP system. seer Application c onsist of a set of interdependent modules for applications such as sales and distribution, financial accounting, investment management, and human resources that allow data to be used by multiple functions and business process for more precise organizational coordination and stamp down. The modules can communicate with each other directly or by sharing a common sedimentation of data. ERP facilitates to support organization-wide process coordination and integration. It creates an integrated organization-wide platform to coordinate key internal processes of the firm. They address the issue of organizational inefficiencies created by isolated islands of information, business processes, and technology.Information that was antecedently split in different applications can seamlessly flow throughout the company so that business processes in finance, accounts human resources, payroll and inventory can persona it. The systems collects data from various key business processes and stores th e data in a single comprehensive data repository where they can be used by other parts of the business. Managers emerge with more precise and timely information for coordinating the daily operations of the business and the company wide view of business processes and information flows.Select the process appoint process team for restructuring the process.Business processes are simply a set of activities that transform a set of inputs into a set of outputs for another person or process using people and tools.The strategic processesAccount due/ReceivableClient RecordEmployee Record procreation plansInventorySeparate systems were built over a long layover of time to support discrete business processes and discreet business functions. The organizations systems rarely include vendors and customers. Managers also required IT support in order to create accounting and inventory reports, a labour- and time-intensive project that complicated the estimation of future inventory levels and prod uct availability. In many cases, these simple reports took days to complete. It was difficult to assemble data to get an overall picture of the organizations operations.Facing increasing accounting and administrative needfully, the company wanted to streamline business uses and provide better visibility into financial information. ERP systems integrate the key business processes of the company into a single software system that allows information to flow seamlessly throughout the organization. These systems focus primarily on internal processes but may include transactions with customers and vendors.The new system proposes to give employees an easy-to-use larboard for creating reports, tracking sales and customers, and searching inventory lists. Prime benefits from BPR arepositive effect on service quality the entire organization can answer more efficiently to customer query and deliver information on timelabor resources (improved employee morale and productivity)Customer satis faction (quicker response to customer requests). ejection of bottlenecks and delays between stepsprovide simultaneous access to documents by multiple departments/peopleallow for quick, simple access to informationelimination of redundancies of work and improves accuracydecreasing defects, errorsBusiness engineering makes companies more customer-focused and responsive to changes in the market. The organisation achieves these results by reshaping merged structures around business processes. BE implements change not by the complete automation of a business but rather by the redefinition of company tasks in holistic or process-oriented terms. Only companies with innovative staff, products, and services as well as short development cycles, leave be able to retain the market or by hope to get a bigger slice of the pie. By maximizing individual and team creativity and emphasizing a process-oriented approach, BE enables a company to realize its goals.Examples of business processesWith the current practice Accounting and pay department was not able to tell what the items available in inventory were and when they were ordered without consulting the inventory department. All entry for invoices, credit notes, accounts receivable and checks had to be continually checked with each department before entering data.Human resource Payrolls had to send report for all payments. Transferred of information was done on paper and then each department made the necessary entry or adjustment. There was no master over data transmitted and on items ordered.The traditional system also affected employee productivity. Staff members struggled to use online resources to complete daily tasks. Sales teams had bother tracking customer history and face difficulty to extract data from the system. It was time consuming to use the traditional system resulting delay in work and customer dissatisfaction, as they could not get the information they requested on time. After reengineering process all departments will be interconnected. Transfer of information will occur more smoothly and on time.The process will be as followsWhen a mental reservation officer enters a customer reservation, the data flows mechanically to others in the company who need to see them. The ERP system stores the reservation information where customer service representatives can track progress and know how many seats are available. Updated sales data automatically flow to the Accounting and Finance department. The system transmits the information to calculate the companys balance sheets, accounts receivable and payable rule books and available cash. Management can view up-to-date minute data on sales and inventory at every step of the process. With the present system Accounting and Finance department get all the information automatically for instance all checks are printed now instead manually prepared. For any information required each department just have to verify on the system and it is automatica lly processed whereas before for all information they have to consult respective departments. Now there will be better control and resource management.After reengineering, staff members can perform customer service-related and inventory-related tasks without having to fan out multiple programs. Role-establish security features keep sensitive information from employees who are not definitive to view it. On the other hand, managers and employees can gain access without having to call IT support to the information that they need to perform their jobs well. Employees have access to company information from a centralised point-of-entry. Through powerful analytics-reporting tools, Velogic Airlines Limited decision makers have a way to better manage operational matters, such as reservation fulfillment and inventory levels and improved management with real-time data, such as accounts receivable.IT RequirementsA commonly disregarded area is the issue of information technology change. Oft en, the IT radical changes required to implement a new ERP visionary are not given high priority, which these technology issues otherwise, deserve. Undoubtedly, business issues should drive implementing ERP Oracle, not technology that improves business processes. Ignoring the preparation and education new information technology requires is asking for trouble. Further, IT personnel often must make the technology handing over quickly. If the technology and infrastructure transition are not done well, the project, at the very least, will be delayed.Oracle TechnologyOracle Applications include the license usage for Oracle 9i RDBMS and Oracle 9iAS Enterprise Edition software418.Oracle 9iOracle Applications run on Oracle technology. Oracle RDBMS 9i is the market leader in reliable and scalable database technology that continuously upgrades its products upgrading to the latest version is made easy with subscription to the Oracle skilful Support Service. Oracle RDBMS is the market leade r with a market share of 33.8% equal to IBM which maintained a steady 30% portion of total database sales. Microsofts SQL Server product cornered 13.9% of the market.Oracle is based on three-tier architecture. This is different from the traditional node server architecture in the way that the application instead of residing on the client now resides on the middle-tier i.e. the Application Server. This enables access of application from the client-end, which just call for to have a web browser. The three tiers of Oracles architecture are as followsPresentation tier (or user interface) This tier interfaces with the user and consists of hardware such as a PC or workstation and a web browser. This may consist of any number of client machines.Functionality /Business Logic tier- This tier provides functionality to the end users and contains the business logic (application). It provides the bridge between the first and the third tiers.Data tier This tier includes the database that con tains all the data of the organization and this is encapsulated from the end users.This three-tier architecture can work on the Intranet as well as over the Internet. A typical diagrammatic representation of the three-tier architecture of Oracle is as followsFigure 4 Oracles 3-Tier computer architectureThe various software components at the three tiers are as followsClient Tier Operating System (Windows XP/7)Java enabled web browser (Internet Explorer 8.0/higher or Mozilla Firefox 4.0 of higher)Middle Tier Platform Windows NT 4.0/Windows 2000/ insolate SolarisOracle IASDeveloper 2000 Server 2.1 (Forms Reports Server required for ERP component)Database Tier Platform Windows NT 4.0/SUN SolarisOracle 9i Workgroup serverTechnical StrengthsOracle product being based on three-tier architecture enables resource intensive components to run on Middle tier thereby moving pot of the processing load away from the client. Oracle Application server has built-in components which deliver high degree of scalability and consist of balancing, logging, automatic failure recovery, security, directory, and transaction components. The ERP based on Oracle is highly scalable and robust to handle volumes of clients requests concurrently. The Java Servlet Engine runs in a multithreaded environment and can process numerous client requests at one go.Hardware InfrastructureServer Sun Fire x4540The Sun Fire x4540 storehouse server delivers 2 to 3 times the storage density of traditional solutions the maximum data throughput at 3 GB/sec from disk to memory, and 30% to 50% power savings at roughly half of the total cost519.The specifications of Sun Fire x4540620SoftwareOracle database will be the relational database management system installed on the server. The actual Oracle 8i will be upgraded to Oracle 9i standard Edition.Operating SystemSolaris 9 Operating SystemsThe Solaris 9 Operating environment is intended to sustain Multiprocessing multithreading. SUN Microsystems servers ar e designed from the ground to have Symmetric Multiprocessing. From Entry level workstation to SUNFire 15k (106 processors), SUN Microsystems employs the same architecture (UltraSparc) and Solaris OS. Also, Solaris OS is less prone to Virus attacks strange other Operating systems721.The Solaris platform supportsOne million simultaneous processes on a single systemUp to 128 CPUs on a single systemMore than four billion network connections32- and 64-bit applicationsTwo-, four-, and eight-node clustersIPv4 and IPv6 network addressesUp to 512 CPUs in a clustered environmentClientHardwareThe client should be cogitate to the server through a local area network and have the following minimum configuration1 processor core 2 bitstock 3.00 GHz1 GB RAM320 GB HDDSoftware and Operating SystemThe client PC should be loaded with Explorer 8.0/higher or Mozilla Firefox 4.0 and should have one of the following OS Windows XP, or Windows 7.CommunicationsComputers and communications equipment can be c onnected in networks for sharing voice, data, images, sound, or even video. It is to be noted that the number of user at the company will be 60 persons. In the existing environment 30 data points are being used and with speed up to 10 mbps (megabits per second), and the proposal is to move to 100 mbps, using 60 data points, assuming that their will be 60 users. The company will need cabling whose speed is up to 100 mbps at an affordable price. Secondly, there are routers device that forwards packets of data from one LAN to another. topical anaesthetic Area Network (LAN) are recommended for applications transmitting high volumes of data and other functions requiring high transmission speeds, including video transmissions and graphics. LANs often are used to connect PCs in an office to shared printers and other resources or to link computers and computer-controlled machines in factories822.Application SoftwareOracle fiscals for Accounting SoftwareOracle Integrated Payroll/HR SystemAp plication supporting BS7799 Information Security StandardInformation is an asset that, like other business assets, has value to an organization and consequently needs to be suitably protected. Information Security protects information from a wide range of threats in order to ensure business continuity, minimize business slander and maximize return on investment and business opportunities.Information can exist in many forms. It can be printed or written on paper, stored electronically, transmitted by post or by using electronic means, shown on films and spoken in conversation. Whatever form the information takes, means by which it is shared or stored, it should always be appropriately protected.Information security is characterized as the preservation ofConfidentiality ensuring that information is accessible only by those authorized to have accessIntegrity safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of information and processing methodsAvailability ensuring that authorized users have access to information and associated assets when required.Figure 5Source BS 7799-2/2002 ISMS Specifications with counsellor for UseIncreasingly, organizations and their information systems and networks are faced with security threats from a wide range of sources, including computer-assisted fraud, espionage, sabotage, vandalism, fire or flood, sources of damage such as computer hacking and defence reaction of service attacks have become more common, more ambitious and increasingly sophisticated.The following diagram suggests a structure for the ten domains of the standard. Each domain deals with a separate topic built around administrative, technical and physical measures and driven from the top down, in other words such that its impact is felt from the management level all the way to the operational level.The 10 main control points of BS 7799 are1. Security Policy To provide management direction and support for information security.2. Organizational Security To manage informat ion security within the company3. Asset Classification and Control To maintain appropriate protection of corporate assets4. Personnel Security To reduce risks of human error and ensure that users are aware of information security threats5. Physical and Environmental Security To prevent unlicenced access to information6. Computer Operations Management To ensure the correct and secure operation of information processing7. System Access Control To control access to information8. System Development and Maintenance to protect the confidentiality, authenticity and integrity of information.9. Business Continuity Planning -To ensure business continue to blend from the effect of a disaster10. Compliance To avoid breaches of any criminal or civil lawTechnical Design RequirementsThe current system runs as three distinct and separate databases (Human Resource Payroll system, Finance Accounts system, and Inventory Management system). Currently, Velogic Airlines Limited has separate, elements in all three systems examples include the definition of departments and divisions, which is handled manually now. While they try to maintain consistency, the systems do not demand it, so they cannot easily pull department costs across the Human Resource Payroll, Finance Accounts, and Inventory databases. Departments should be defined only once and used by all data elements. Similarly, Human Resource data on employees should only be defined once on a master screen and all databases use this same information.The proposed modules for ERP areHuman Resource and Payroll SystemFinance and Accounting SystemInventory Management SystemSystems Interconnection DiagramThe figure below shows the interconnection of the three modules and gives a brief description of the systems that will support Velogic Airlines Limited main activities and their requirements.Payroll SystemHuman Resource and Payroll SystemHuman resource and payroll systems help business develop staffing requirements ident ify potential new employees maintain employee records track employee training, skills, transportation (allowances), salary, overtime and job performance and help managers develop appropriate plans for employee compensation and career development. ERP systems help the company coordinate their staffing levels with sales activities and financial resources.Employee DetailsBasic Information on Surname, Name, Maiden Name, Marital Status, Gender,Date of Birth, Age, NID, Social Security Number, Telephone Number, residential Address.Manage Recruitment process affords managementSick Leaves, Casual Leave, Computation of Annual Leaves, Refund for Contract Officers, Maternity Leave Study Leave, Leave without Pay, Leave with Pay Record and Listing, Miscellaneous Leaves e.g. Injury / SpecialLeaves Record and ListingStaff Development PlanDatabase of qualifications Professional Academic/Vocational possessed by Staff. Record of all training programmes provided to Velogic Airlines Limited staff.Perfor mance ManagementMonitor employee competencies for career planning.Payroll Basic Salary + Gross Salary Allowances paid by Type, e.g. Acting / Responsibility, etc Overtime paid Record of all Staff having received Incremental Credits Record of all Staff eligible to Uniform Allowances Deductions made Car Loan entitlement Staff entitled to Car Loan and Amount Other categories of staff eligible to Car Loan2) Finance and Accounting SystemFinance and accounting systems help firms keep track of their assets and fund flows. ERP systems integrate financial information with productions and sales information so that the impact of transactions can be immediately reflected on the companys balance sheets, accounts receivable and payable ledgers, and reports of cash flows. ERP systems will help to obtain up-to-the-minute reports of the companys overall financial performance. The accounting system should be operated on an integrated standard accounting package incorporating the following modules/func tions 23 full general LedgerPurchasingAccounts PayableAccounts ReceivableFixed Assets cash registerA. General LedgerThe system should also provide forUnlimited number of sets of accounts for as many divisions as required.Balance forward facility creating new year open balancesAll journal entries should automatically balancedCash movement report to show the net in flow/out flow of cashFinancial statements and reports such as the Profit and Loss, Balance Sheet and Sources andSupport for VAT Tax system. Rate of VAT must be more definable.The general ledger system should allow analysis of transactions by cost centres at division as may be appropriate.B. PurchasingThe bribe order processing system should integrate with the general ledger, purchase ledger and stock control systems. The system should provide foridentification of suppliers by name, product, order number, etcmonitoring of purchase orderschecking of purchase invoices against orders and deliveries for quantities and pricerep ort on outstanding orders, purchase and overdue deliverieslink multiple purchase orders or Goods Received Notes to a supplier invoiceC. Accounts PayableThe purchase ledger should integrate with the general ledger and the purchase order processing systems. It should provide forUnlimited number of suppliers accountsRecording and analysis of credit purchases returns and adjustments in accordance with user definedAnalysis codesThe recording of payment due date for each purchase invoice for settlement within credit periodPrinting of checks as per Velogic Airlines Limited formatSupport for VAT Tax system. Rate of VAT must be more definable.D. Accounts ReceivableThe debtors Ledger system should integrate with general ledger system and provide forUnlimited number of customers accountsThe recording and analysis of credit sales in accordance with user-defined analysis codesDebtor classification by categoryAutomatic generation of invoicesSupport for VAT Tax system. Rate of VAT must be more def inable.E. Fixed Assets RegisterIt is desirable that the Fixed Assets register be integrated with the general Ledger but, this is not an essential requirement. The system should provide for the followingUser defined placed assets codes as well as analysis codes for divisions, location, and types of assets, etc.Calculation of depreciation using either straight line or written down value methodsRe-e military rank of assetsMemorandum entries for each asset to keep track of the assets profile from acquisition to disposal in terms of maintenance, repairs, insurance, down-time replacement date, on loan3). Inventory Management SystemSince the inventory system is a perpetual system, all transactions are post at the time of entering, regardless of the transaction date. Therefore, if an inventory valuation is required for month-end, this report must be produced at the last working day after all current month transactions are posted and before any transactions f